Graphene based plasmawave devices for terahertz applications. Ultrafast optical control of terahertz surface plasmons in. Transverse electric plasmons in bilayer graphene marinko jablan,1 hrvoje buljan,1. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz photonics monash university. Currentdriven terahertz light emission from graphene plasmonic oscillations yuyu li, pablo ferreyra, anna k. Coupling between surface plasmons and nonresonant transmission in subwavelength holes at terahertz frequencies jiaguang han, abul k. Ryzhii, terahertz plasma waves in gated graphene heterostructures, jpn.
Recent advancements in surface plasmon polaritonsplasmonics. Nanomaterials free fulltext graphenebased biosensors. Pdf graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials. Institute for research in electronics and applied physics, university of maryland, college park, maryland 20742, united states helmholtzzentrum dresdenrossendorf, p. The waveguiding elements are based on plasmonic and metamaterial notions and consist of an easytomanufacture periodic chain of metallic boxshaped elements protruding out of a metallic surface. Currentdriven terahertz light emission from graphene. The versatility of graphene means that graphene based plasmonics may enable the manuf. With the fast development of microfabrication technology and advanced computational tools, nanophotonics has been widely studied for highspeed data transmission, sensitive optical detection, manipulation of ultrasmall objects, and visualization of nanoscale patterns. Performance of graphene plasmonic antenna in comparison. Graphenebased plasmonic nanotransceiver for terahertz band. Graphene terahertz plasmon oscillators farhan rana school of electrical and computer engineering, cornell university, ithaca, ny 14853 abstractin this paper we propose and discuss coherent terahertz sources based on charge density wave plasmon ampli. Terahertz plasmon modes in a graphene microribbon array structure were. Detection of deepsubwavelength dielectric layers at terahertz frequencies using semiconductor plasmonic resonators audrey berrier,1 pablo albella,3 m. The ribbon width and carrier doping dependences of graphene plasmon frequency.
Abstractin this paper we propose and discuss coherent terahertz sources based on charge density. Commercialization of plasmonic graphene technology is facing the same. Graphene has attracted great interest for antenna applications because of its twodimensional nature and superior electronic properties. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Swan, and roberto paiella department of electrical and computer engineering and photonics center, boston university, 8 saint marys street, boston. Starting from the first analysis of plasma waves in graphene, 1719 17. The strong field confinement at the resonant frequency is predicted to significantly enhance the light graphene interaction, which could enable nonlinear optics at low intensity in atomically thin, subwavelength devices. Azad, mufei gong, xinchao lu, and weili zhanga school of electrical and computer engineering, oklahoma. We show the enhancement of lightgraphene interactions by employing. The result reveals the intriguing nature of graphene plasmon in graphene nanoribbons where the nanoribbon edge plays critical roles by introducing extra doping. Osa domino plasmons for subwavelength terahertz circuitry. Towards a terahertz direct receiver based on graphene up to 10 thz j. Graphene has been proposed for applications such as thz plasmon oscillators,3 polarizers,4,5. Performance of graphene plasmonic antenna in comparison with.
In this study, a labelfree multiresonant graphene based biosensor with periodic graphene nanoribbons is proposed for detection of composite vibrational fingerprints in the midinfrared range. Ameen poyli,3 ronald ulbricht,2 mischa bonn,2 javier aizpurua,3 jaime gomez rivas1,4 1fom institute amolf, centre for nanophotonics, co philips research laboratories, htc4, 5656ae eindhoven. The strong field confinement at the resonant frequency is predicted to significantly enhance the light graphene interaction, which could enable nonlinear optics at low intensity in atomically thin, subwavelength. Graphene is a oneatomthick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Active graphene plasmonics for terahertz device applications. Graphene is an attractive twodimensional 2d carbon material. Tunable terahertz hybrid metalgraphene plasmons nano.
Owing to their ability to support the surfaceplasmon polariton spp surface waves in the infrared and visible regimes. It is shown that the dispersion relation of the corresponding electromagnetic. At terahertz and infrared frequencies, room temperature plasmonic operation is possible with both semiconductor 2deg and graphene, as experimentally demonstrated 7,24. In this study, a labelfree multiresonant graphenebased biosensor with periodic graphene nanoribbons is proposed for detection of composite vibrational fingerprints in the midinfrared range. Fang1 1department of mechanical engineering, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, massachusetts 029, usa 2department of applied physics, the hong kong polytechnic university, hong kong, china received 17 october 2012. Resonant terahertz transmission in plasmonic arrays of. By scaling nanoribbon width and charge densities, we probed graphene plasmons with plasmon resonance energy as high as 0. Rana, graphene terahertz plasmon oscillators, ieee trans. Nonlinear terahertz absorption of graphene plasmons. Graphene terahertz sources and amplifiers request pdf.
We study theoretically and via modeling the tunability of maxima in the transmission spectrum. In this paper, we propose a design of ferroelectricgated graphene plasmonic devices operating at lowthz frequencies. Optical pumpterahertz probe characterization was used to investigate resonant properties of the nonintrinsic plasmonic arrays of subwavelength holes, such as the photodoped semiconductor samples 29,33. We describe here recent research on largearea tunable graphene plasmonic materials and devices for use in terahertz detectors, modulators, and filters. The propagation constant of the spp wave, which can be tuned by modifying the chemical potential of the graphene layer, determines the spp wave propagation length and con.
The large gain values and the small plasmon wavelengths can lead to compact terahertz plasmon lasers and amplifiers that are only a few microns in size. Notice that extraordinary properties of a collective mode in an array of synchronized oscillators are well. Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons. Zhanga school of electrical and computer engineering, oklahoma state university, stillwater, 74078 oklahoma, usa received. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials bsisb. The interaction of light with graphene and substrate photonic crystals can be classified in distinct regimes depending on the relation of the photonic crystal lattice constant and the relevant modal wavelengths, that is.
Graphenebased plasmonic nanotransceiver for terahertz. We also propose to use graphenebased hm as a super absorber for near. Jun 20, 2012 in graphene, they are expected to appear in the terahertz and infrared domains 12. The fields of plasmonics, metal optics, metamaterials, and transformation optics 18 offer a collection of techniques to tame the electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns, providing applications in engineering and applied sciences. In graphene, they are expected to appear in the terahertz and infrared domains 12. Deep subwavelength terahertz waveguides using gap magnetic. Pdf plasmons describe collective oscillations of electrons. The large gain values available at terahertz frequencies in graphene can lead to integrated oscillators that have dimensions in the 110m range. We study theoretically and via modeling the tunability of maxima in the transmission spectrum, corresponding to the. Jun 20, 2012 surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in metals or semiconductors that enable confinement and control of electromagnetic energy at subwavelength scales 1,2,3,4,5. Graphenebased plasmonic nanotransceiver for terahertz band communication josep miquel jornet1 and ian f. Salient features of deeply subwavelength guiding of. Low losses, strong confinement, and high tunability properties of surface plasmon make this material as one of the suited material for terahertz applications.
Taiichi otsuji 1,3, vyacheslav popov 2 and victor ryzhii 1,3. Jul 25, 2018 a tunable plasmonic filter waveguide with indium antimonide activated by graphene layer configuration is proposed and numerically investigated. Graphenebased tunable hyperbolic metamaterials and enhanced. Plasmons in population inverted graphene can experience extremely large gain through the process of stimulated emission at terahertz frequencies. Electrons in graphene behave like massless dirac fermions and exhibit many exotic physical phenomena, ranging from an anomalous. Nonlinear terahertz absorption of graphene plasmons mohammad m. Spp waves in gnrs, graphenebased plasmonic nanoantennas are able to operate at much lower frequencies than their metallic counterparts, e. Recent advancements in surface plasmon polaritons plasmonics.
We aimed the issue that high loss in the plasmonic excitations of graphene limits the performance of graphenes ability in manipulating light. Graphene terahertz plasmon oscillators cornell ece. Excitation of terahertz surface plasmons on graphene. We compare our results to raman spectroscopy and correlate the existence of the spatial inhomogeneities between the two measurements.
A new approach for the spatial and temporal modulation of electromagnetic fields at terahertz frequencies is presented. Recent improvements in graphene technology combined with a better understanding of the device physics of graphene thz plasmonics and graphene plasmonic device designs hold promise to make graphene thz plasmonic technology one of the key graphene applications. These tunable plasmon resonances are essential yet missing ingredients needed for terahertz filters, oscillators, detectors, and modulators. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials. Focusing applications of plasmonics includes surfaceenhanced raman scattering 1, surface plasmon resonance sensors 2, and surface plasmon spectroscopy systems 3, 4, 5. To investigate the transmission response of the structure, finite element method fem. We demonstrate that the proposed tunable singlestub plasmonic filter using a thin layer of graphene can operate in the terahertz thz region as a notch filter.
Detection of deepsubwavelength dielectric layers at. Graphene based plasmonic terahertz amplitude modulator. Genov,1 guy bartal,1 and xiang zhang1,2, 1nsf nanoscale science and engineering center nsec, 5 etcheverry hall, university of california, berkeley, california 947201740, usa 2materials sciences division, lawrence berkeley national laboratory, 1. Graphene plasmonics for subwavelength terahertz oscillators october 2009 conference proceedings lasers and electrooptics society annual meetingleos farhan rana. Current injection glasers, implementing in dual gate gfets, have a great advantage to dramatically decrease the equivalent pumping photon energy, resulting in ndc at rather low injection currents. Osa nonlinear optics of surface plasmon polaritons in. Figure 1 illustrates the building blocks, while more complex structures can be made based on the same idea. China b state key laboratory of millimeter waves, school of information science and engineering, southeast university, nanjing 210096, p. Aps aps march meeting 2016 event graphene plasmonics. In this chapter, we focus on the development on tunable terahertzinfrared metamaterials enabled with plasmonic excitations in graphene micronanostructures. However, these high q infrared plasmons are dormant in conventional spectroscopy of graphene. Terahertz modulation based on surface plasmon resonance by. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz photonics monash.
Subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and plasmonic materials. Recently, largearea graphene has been fabricated,1,2 allowing for graphene plasmonic applications in the farthrough nearinfrared range of frequencies. Using a spatially structured, optical pump pulse with a terahertz thz probe pulse, we are able to determine spatial variations of the ultrafast thz photoconductivity with subwavelength resolution 75. Request pdf graphene plasmonics for subwavelength terahertz oscillators plasmons in population inverted graphene can experience extremely large gain through the process of stimulated emission. In recent years, we have seen a rapid progress in the field of graphene plasmonics, motivated by graphene s unique electrical and optical properties, tunability, longlived collective excitation and its extreme light confinement. A terahertz photomixer based on plasmonic nanoantennas. The reversal in transmission amplitude from a stopband to a passband and up to. Terahertz plasmonics in ferroelectricgated graphene dafei jin,1 anshuman kumar,1 kin hung fung,1,2 jun xu,1 and nicholas x. First obtained by exfoliation of graphite in 2004, graphene has since evolved into a thriving research topic because of its attractive mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties 24, particularly the exceptionally high electron mobility. May 01, 2018 a terahertz modulation consists of period subwavelength structure and reconfigurable graphene. Terahertz plasmonics in ferroelectricgated graphene. Ab graphene plasmonics has the potential to revolutionize terahertz technologythe last great underdeveloped frequency band of electromagnetic waves.
As an important branch of nanophotonics, plasmonics has enabled lightmatter interactions at a deep subwavelength length scale. Devices like active filters and modulators which can be integrated with current solidstate continuouswave cw terahertz sources and detectors such as quantum cascade lasers, resonant tunneling diode oscillators, schottky diodes, backward diodes, or future graphenebased terahertz devices still need to be improved. We show the enhancement of lightgraphene interactions by employing plasmonic metamaterial. We highlight a cutofffree propagation of a fundamental graphene plasmon mode with an effective mode area, which can in principle be smaller. Double graphene layer structure is a promising engineered material. The magnetic polaritons and propagation surface plasmons of the metamaterial are theoretically analyzed. We propose a 96% modulation with low insertion losses and return losses by 5. The strong field confinement at the resonant frequency is predicted to significantly enhance the lightgraphene interaction, which could enable nonlinear optics at low intensity in atomically thin, subwavelength.
Recent progress and applications xiaoguang luo a, teng qiu a, weibing lu b, zhenhua ni a, a department of physics and key laboratory of mems of the ministry of education, southeast university, nanjing 211189, p. Nonlinear terahertz absorption of graphene plasmons nano. The nanotransceiver is based on a high electron mobility transistor hemt built with a iiiv semiconductor and enhanced with graphene. In this paper, we have investigated the surface plasmon polariton.
The terahertz pulses were generated from a 2 mmthick znte crystals by optical recti. Plasmonics is an emerging area of science and technology in which propagation of light can be controlled by the use of subwavelength structures. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in metals or semiconductors that enable confinement and control of electromagnetic energy at subwavelength scales 1,2,3,4,5. Twodimensional plasmonic waves then can be manipulated by reflections, interferences and superposition according to the geometry. This result has the potential to enable em communication in nanonetworks. Each of the transmission dips can be independently tuned. Owing to their ultrasubwavelength confinement, these twodimensional. Graphene plasmonics for subwavelength terahertz oscillators. Gatetuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano. This type of architecture has at least two appealing features. Such properties promise to revolutionize many applications 2. Azad, mufei gong, xinchao lu, and weili zhanga school of electrical and computer engineering, oklahoma state university, stillwater, oklahoma 74078.
We report the results of systematic studies of plasmonic and photonic guided modes in largearea singlelayer graphene integrated into a nanostructured silicon substrate. In this paper, we have investigated the surface plasmon polariton properties and plasmonic resonance. Electromagnetic radiation cannot couple to plasmon excitations inhomogeneousgraphenesheets,butcanreadilyexciteplasmonresonances in engineered graphene structures with dimensions much. Harvesting plasmonic excitations in graphene for tunable. A tunable plasmonic filter waveguide with indium antimonide activated by graphene layer configuration is proposed and numerically investigated. We study the propagation characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons spps on a patterned graphene sheet incorporating a subwavelength ribbon resonator and a kerr nonlinear bounding medium substrate or top cladding which provides tunable bandpass filtering in the thz regime. Consequently, graphene can be applied as terahertz thz metamaterial 41,42,45,46 and it can be tuned conveniently even for an encapsulated device.
A terahertz modulation consists of period subwavelength structure and reconfigurable graphene. Mao, recent advancements in surface plasmon polaritons plasmonics in subwavelength structures at microwave and terahertz regime, digital communications and networks 2017, doi. High efficiency tunable graphenebased plasmonic filter in. To investigate the transmission response of the structure, finite. Resonant terahertz transmission in plasmonic arrays of subwavelength holes w. Plasmonic enhancement of graphene heterostructure based. Graphenebased tunable hyperbolic metamaterials and. Plasmonics with twodimensional conductors philosophical. Optically pumped graphene can generate in a wide thz range. Subwavelength graphene structures support localized plasmonic resonances in the terahertz and midinfrared spectral regimes. Deep subwavelength terahertz waveguides using gap magnetic plasmon atsushi ishikawa,1 shuang zhang,1 dentcho a. Tunable terahertz surface plasmons for amplifier, laser, and antenna. Through theory and experiments, we demonstrate, for example, anomalously high resonant absorption or transmission when subwavelength graphene filled apertures are introduced into an otherwise conductive layer. Published 12 february 2014 2014 iop publishing ltd journal of physics d.
Through theory and experiments, we demonstrate, for example, anomalously high resonant absorption or transmission when subwavelength graphenefilled apertures are introduced into an otherwise conductive layer. We also present optical and terahertz spectroscopy results for carrier relaxation and. The multiple vibrational signals of biomolecules are simultaneously enhanced and detected by different resonances in the transmission spectrum. Rana f 2008 graphene terahertz plasmon oscillators ieee trans. In this paper, a plasmonic nanotransceiver for wireless communication in the terahertz band 0. In this way, one can create a variety of gigahertz to terahertz and infrared twodimensional plasmonic circuits and metamaterials 6,8,9. Photonic and plasmonic guided modes in graphenesilicon. Devices like active filters and modulators which can be integrated with current solidstate continuouswave cw terahertz sources and detectors such as quantum cascade lasers, resonant tunneling diode oscillators, schottky diodes, backward diodes, or future graphene based terahertz devices still need to be improved. Genov,1 guy bartal,1 and xiang zhang1,2, 1nsf nanoscale science and engineering center nsec, 5 etcheverry hall, university of california. The plasmon resonances have remarkably large oscillator strengths, resulting in. Akyildiz2 1department of electrical engineering, university at buffalo, the state university of new york, buffalo, new york 14260, usa, email. Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guidedmode.
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